Rasheed, Zukhraf. “The Caliphate of Hazrat Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (R.A.): A Historical and Analytical Study”. Al Khadim Research Journal of Islamic Culture and Civilization 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2024): 42–48. Accessed September 13, 2025. https://www.arjicc.com/index.php/arjicc/article/view/405.